The main goal of Imam Khomeini and Gandhi in this method of campaign against aggressors is to erase the effects of fear and weakness in their followers’ minds and to restore their bravery and courage. The tactics Imam had in mind (expectation and martyrdom) also arise from religion and tradition and is related to the Muslims’ religious beliefs about the quality of confrontation with opponents, despotism and injustice. Expectation creates hope and movement in a Muslim fighter and martyrdom makes him ready for dedication and self-sacrifice and also makes death inferior in his eyes. In Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint too “expectation” and “martyrdom” or “Karbala Rise” is two important tactics for confrontation against aggression and despotism in any age and circumstances. This approach arises from Indian traditional beliefs about management of dispute in politics and law which is itself based on social arbitration and compromise. This disassociation or civil opposition is not fulfilled through face to face confrontation, organizing oppositions and emergence of a crack between the opponents and victory of one over another, but from Gandhi’s point of view it should be settled on compromise, concord and lack of hatred of the enemy and even liking him. Put differently, Gandhi believed the goal of nonviolence is the settlement of the power of reality against injustice and is in itself a way for explicit disobedience of the laws Gandhi and his followers considered them unfair. Gandhi thought there is no way to find reality but nonviolence. He discovered nonviolence in his pursue of reality. Anyhow, he thinks nonviolence is a means and reality an end. To Gandhi “nonviolence” and “the power of reality” are so closely related that practically it is impossible to separate and segregate them. Gandhi too used Indian traditions to fight British colonization and derived the principle of “ahimsa” or “nonviolence” from the same tradition and reinterpreted it. Imam Khomeini used two principles of “Expectation” and “Martyrdom”, parts of Shiite tradition, to mobilize and unite people against despotism and foreign colonization. In spite of some major differences between these two brilliant characters, there are many similarities between their political methods and their services for the political renovation of Iran and India. Two examples of these great figures are Imam Khomeini and Gandhi. One way to know great political figures is to compare their political life approach and especially their campaign style against enemies, their efforts for political renovation of their country, the time and the circumstances they emerged, and also whom, why and how they fought. A Comparison between two Styles of Political Resistance, Imam Khomeini & Gandhi
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